Memahami Pendekatan Kualitatif dalam Penelitian Skripsi: Sebuah Kajian Literatur Naratif
Keywords:
Qualitative Approach, Undergraduate Thesis, Case Study, Narrative Research, Collaborative Research , Pendekatan Kualitatif, Skripsi, Studi Kasus, Penelitian Naratif, Penelitian KolaboratifAbstract
Abstract: The qualitative approach is increasingly used in undergraduate thesis research in the social sciences. However, the diversity of qualitative research traditions often confuses students in determining the most suitable type of research for their goals and capacities. This article aims to narratively review the characteristics of the qualitative approach, identify five qualitative research traditions along with their feasibility assessment for undergraduate theses, describe data trustworthiness criteria as an integral component of approach selection, offer practical guidelines for selecting qualitative research types based on multi-dimensional considerations, and explore the idea of collaborative qualitative research as an alternative modality for undergraduate thesis completion. This study employed a narrative literature review method using qualitative methodology textbooks and relevant journal articles as data sources. The findings indicate that among the five qualitative research traditions, case study and narrative research are the two most realistic and relevant types for undergraduate theses, while phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory have methodological demands that are relatively too high for the undergraduate level. This article also offers new perspectives on integrating practical considerations encompassing paradigm compatibility, researcher readiness as an instrument, access to informants, and time availability as integrated methodological decision variables. Furthermore, this article proposes that collaborative qualitative research where theses are conducted in teams of 2–3 students can serve as a viable alternative for improving research quality through investigator triangulation and internal peer debriefing mechanisms. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for students, thesis supervisors, and program administrators in improving the methodological quality of qualitative undergraduate thesis research.
Abstrak: Pendekatan kualitatif merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang semakin banyak digunakan dalam penelitian skripsi mahasiswa S1 di bidang ilmu sosial. Namun, keragaman tradisi penelitian kualitatif yang tersedia sering menimbulkan kebingungan bagi mahasiswa dalam menentukan jenis penelitian yang paling sesuai dengan tujuan dan kapasitas mereka. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara naratif karakteristik pendekatan kualitatif, mengidentifikasi lima tradisi penelitian kualitatif beserta evaluasi kelayakannya untuk skripsi S1, mendeskripsikan kriteria keabsahan data sebagai komponen integral pemilihan pendekatan, menawarkan panduan praktis pemilihan jenis penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan pertimbangan multi-dimensi, serta mengeksplorasi gagasan penelitian kualitatif kolaboratif sebagai alternatif modalitas pelaksanaan skripsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narrative literature review dengan sumber data berupa buku-buku teks metodologi penelitian kualitatif dan artikel jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima tradisi penelitian kualitatif, studi kasus dan penelitian naratif merupakan dua jenis yang paling realistis dan relevan untuk skripsi S1, sementara fenomenologi, etnografi, dan grounded theory memiliki tuntutan metodologis yang relatif terlalu tinggi untuk level sarjana. Artikel ini juga menawarkan perspektif baru mengenai integrasi pertimbangan praktis yang meliputi kesesuaian paradigma, kesiapan peneliti sebagai instrumen, akses ke informan, dan ketersediaan waktu sebagai variabel keputusan metodologis yang terpadu. Lebih lanjut, artikel ini mengajukan gagasan bahwa penelitian kualitatif kolaboratif di mana skripsi dikerjakan secara berkelompok oleh 2–3 mahasiswa dapat menjadi alternatif yang layak dipertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas penelitian melalui mekanisme investigator triangulation dan peer debriefing internal. Temuan kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi mahasiswa, dosen pembimbing, dan pengelola program studi dalam meningkatkan kualitas metodologis penelitian skripsi kualitatif.
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